Item number: A163

Year: AD 1336-1338

Material: Gold

Size: 20.5 x 19.5 mm

Weight: 6.69 g

Manufactured by: Tabriz, Iran

Provenance: Heritage Auctions 2023

In AD 1335, following the demise of Abu Sa’id, the ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate, the empire plunged into a state of warlordism, with members of the royal family becoming puppets of various warlords. This gold coin was from the nominal twelfth ruler of the Ilkhanate, Muhammad Khan, who ruled from AD 1336 to AD 1338, and it was minted in the former capital of the empire, Tabriz.

On both sides of the gold coin, there are decorative circular beadings along the outer edge. On the obverse side of the gold coin, following the Islamic artistic tradition of the Ilkhanate, the central inscription in Arabic Kufic script bears the Shahada: “There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” Surrounding this legend, in a clockwise direction starting from the top, are the names of the four Orthodox Caliphs of Islam: Abu Bakr (ابو بكر), Umar (عمر), Uthman (عثمان), and Ali (على). On the reverse side, in the center, the name and praises of the Muhammad Khan are inscribed in Arabic. Surrounding this central inscription are details indicating the date and place of minting of the gold coin.

With the passing of Abu Sa’id, the Ilkhanate in the western regions splintered into competing factions led by Shaikh Hasan Buzurg of the Jalayirid family and Hasan Kucek of the Chobanid family, each supporting different royal claimants. Initially, Muhammad Khan was supported as a ruler by the Jalayirid faction in the former capital of Tabriz. However, in AD 1338, the Chobanid forces defeated the Shaikh Hasan Buzurg, seizing control of Tabriz, and Muhammad Khan was captured and subsequently killed. Shortly thereafter, the Jalayirids and Chobanids established independent states with Baghdad and Azerbaijan as their respective capital, dividing the western territories of the Ilkhanate between them.

物件編號: A163

年代: 公元 1336-1338 年

材料: 黃金

尺寸: 20.5 x 19.5 mm

重量: 6.69 g

製造地: 大不里士，伊朗

來源: 海瑞得拍賣行 2023

公元1335年，伊兒汗國的第九任統治者不賽因駕崩後，帝國便陷入軍閥林立的局面，王室成員淪為各個軍閥的魁儡。該枚金幣正是伊兒汗國名義上的第十二任統治者: 麻合馬(統治: 公元1336-公元1338年)，在帝國舊都大不里士鑄造的金幣。

金幣的兩面在最外圍皆有打印圓珠圈作為裝飾。金幣正面，沿襲伊兒汗國伊斯蘭化後的鑄幣藝術，在中央以阿拉伯庫法體寫上清真言的內容：「萬物非主 唯有真主 穆罕默德是真主的使者」，邊緣由上方按順時針的方向，依序是伊斯蘭教四位正統哈里發：阿布·巴克爾(ابو بكر)、歐瑪爾(عمر)、奥斯曼(عثمان)和阿里(على)的名字。金幣背面的中間，則是以阿拉伯文刻上麻合馬的名字和讚歌，周圍則是刻上金幣鑄造的日期和地點資訊。

隨著不賽因的駕崩，伊兒汗國西部形成以謝赫·大哈散為首的札剌亦兒家族和小哈桑·庫楚克為首的楚邦家族的競爭，各自擁護不同的王室成員作競爭。麻合馬先是在舊都大不里士被札剌亦兒家族擁護為君王。但公元1338年，楚邦家族擊敗大哈散佔領大不里士後，麻合馬被俘虜和慘遭殺害。不久後，札剌亦兒和楚邦家族分別以巴格達和亞塞拜然為據點，各自瓜分伊兒汗國的西部獨立建國。