Item number: A1278

Year: AD 1595

Material: Silver

Size: 15.2 x 13.3 mm

Provenance: Fuchin Coin 2024

This is a Denar silver coin issued in AD 1595 by Rudolf II, who was then serving as King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor.

The obverse side of the coin features Rudolf II’s coat of arms, arranged with symbols representing various regions under his rule. In a clockwise order from the top left corner, the shield depicts the Árpád stripes symbolising Hungary, the Hungarian double cross, the leopard heads of Dalmatia, and the lion of Bohemia, with the central shield representing Austria. Surrounding the shield is the Latin inscription “RVD•II•RO•I•S•AV•G•H•B•R•,” an abbreviation of Rudolf II’s full title: “Rudolf II, by the Grace of God, Roman Emperor, Ever August, King of Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia.”

The reverse side of the coin features an image of the Virgin Mary crowned and holding the infant Jesus. Surrounding this central motif is the Latin inscription “PATR HVNG,” which refers to Mary as “Patroness of Hungary,” a title given to her by the Kingdom of Hungary. The year of issuance, “1595,” is also inscribed, marking the coin’s date of minting under the reign of Rudolf II.

Historians generally regard Rudolf II’s reign unfavourably, attributing his ineffective governance and political misjudgements as contributing factors to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War. However, Rudolf II is also recognised as an avid patron of the arts and sciences, supporting artists and astronomers whose work helped pave the way for the Scientific Revolution.

物件編號: A1278

年代: 公元 1595 年

材料: 銀

尺寸: 15.2 x 13.3 mm

來源: 福君錢幣 2024

這是一枚公元1595年，彼時擔任匈牙利國王兼神聖羅馬帝國皇帝的魯道夫二世發行之代納爾銀幣。

正面的中央是魯道夫二世的盾牌紋章，盾牌內從左上角按順時針順序，分別是象徵匈牙利的阿帕德條紋、匈牙利的雙十字架、達爾馬提亞的豹頭和波西米亞的獅子，正中央則是代表奧地利的盾牌。錢幣周圍的拉丁銘文「RVD•II•RO•I•S•AV•G•H•B•R•」為魯道夫二世的完整頭銜「魯道夫二世，蒙上帝恩典，羅馬皇帝，永遠的君主，日耳曼尼亞、匈牙利、波希米亞國王」。

背面的中央是頭戴王冠，懷裡抱著嬰兒耶穌的聖母瑪利亞。外圍的拉丁銘文「PATR HVNG」為匈牙利王國給予聖母瑪利亞的尊稱「匈牙利的女守護神」以及發行的年份「1595」。

歷史學家對於魯道夫二世的評價不高，認為其碌碌無為的統治和政治失誤為三十年戰爭的起因。不過魯道夫二世在另一方面是藝術愛好者和贊助者，還有贊助天文學家促成科學革命。