Item number: A1307

Year: AD 1296-1316

Material: Copper

Size: 15.1 x 14.8 x 2.1 mm

Weight: 3.3 g

Provenance: Teutoburger Münzauktion GmbH 2023

This is a copper jital coin issued by Alauddin Khalji, the ruler of the Khalji Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, during his reign from AD 1296 to AD 1316. The jital was a type of coin introduced to the Indian subcontinent by Afghan conquerors in the medieval period. Typically made of silver or other base metals, the jital was commonly used for small-denomination transactions.

The coin’s obverse features two solid circles. Inside the inner circle, the Arabic inscription reads “محمد شالا” (Muhammad Shah), while the outer circle bears the name and title of the ruler in Sanskrit, “श्री सुल्तान अलावदीन्” (Shri Sultan Alauddin). On the reverse, there is only an Arabic inscription, arranged from bottom to top, spelling out the ruler’s full title: “الءسولٹآن الءاʿزام ʿالآ الءدو نیآ وا الءدین” (Sultan Alauddin Khalji).

The Delhi Sultanate refers to a series of Islamic regimes established in the Indian subcontinent in the early 13th century, after Turkic Muslim warlords from Afghanistan entered the region and made Delhi their capital. From its foundation in AD 1206 until its fall in AD 1526, when it was conquered by Babur, the Turkic-Mongol ruler and founder of the Mughal Empire, the Delhi Sultanate comprised five dynasties. Among these, the Khalji Dynasty was the second, known for its military expansion and consolidation of power.

During the reign of Alauddin Khalji, the Delhi Sultanate successfully repelled multiple invasions from the Mongols of the Chagatai Khanate in the north, securing the region against these threats. Alauddin also launched extensive campaigns to the south, conquering numerous Islamic and Hindu kingdoms across the Indian subcontinent. Domestically, he implemented significant reforms, particularly in the areas of land revenue, market regulation, and administrative policies.

物件編號: A1307

年代: 公元 1296-1316 年

材質: 銅

尺寸: 15.1 x 14.8 x 2.1 mm

重量: 3.3 g

來源: 條頓堡錢幣拍賣 2023

這是一枚公元1296至1316年在位，德里蘇丹國的卡爾吉王朝統治者阿拉烏丁·卡爾吉發行的吉塔爾銅幣。吉塔爾是來自阿富汗的征服者在中世紀帶入南亞次大陸的一種錢幣，其材質多為銀或其他賤金屬，通常作為小面額交易的貨幣。

錢幣正面有兩道實心圓，裡面以阿拉伯文打印「محمد شالا」(穆罕默德·沙阿)，外圍則是梵文「श्री सुल्तान अलावदीन्」(蘇丹阿拉烏丁)，即統治者的姓名還有頭銜。錢幣背面則只有阿拉伯銘文，由下而上作為排序，全名是「الءسولٹآن الءاʿزام ʿالآ الءدو نیآ وا الءدین」(蘇丹阿拉烏丁·卡爾吉)。

德里蘇丹國是泛指公元13世紀初，來自阿富汗的突厥穆斯林軍閥進入印度次大陸後，以德里作為首都建立的伊斯蘭政權。自公元1206年創建至公元1526年遭到突厥化的蒙古人統治者巴布爾消滅為止，前後總計有五個王朝，卡爾吉王朝為其中的第二個王朝。

阿拉烏丁·卡爾吉統治期間，德里蘇丹國多次成功擊退察合台汗國的蒙古人自北方的侵擾，並且大舉向南征服印度次大陸的其他伊斯蘭和印度教王國，同時在國內推動多項的改革，尤其是土地稅收、市場貿易和行政體制的部分。