Qing Dynasty
Shunzhi Tongbao Type 5
Henan Province Bureau
清
順治通寶五式
河南省局造
Item number: A1016
Year: AD 1660-1661
Material: Brass
Size: 26.8 x 26.8 x 0.9 mm
Weight: 4.65 g
Manufactured by: Henan Province Bureau
Provenance:
1. Noonans 2022
2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection
This is a “Shunzhi Tongbao” coin minted during the reign of Shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering China proper. The coin was produced in Henan Province. This coin has a typical square hole design and is made of brass.
On the obverse, the characters “Shunzhi Tongbao” are inscribed in the order of top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse features Manchu script “ᡭᡠ” (He) on the left side and the Chinese character “He” on the right, indicating the minting location. Based on the reverse design, this coin is classified as the fifth type.
In the 4th year of Shunzhi’s reign (AD 1647), the Henan Province Bureau officially began operations in Kaifeng Prefecture, the provincial capital, to produce brass coins for the entire province of Henan. However, due to the lack of coal resources in Kaifeng, the Bureau was subsequently relocated to Huaiqing Prefecture in the 6th year of Shunzhi (AD 1649) to continue production.
During the 18-year reign of Emperor Shunzhi, the “Shunzhi Tongbao” coins were categorised into five major types based on the patterns on the reverse side:
| Type | Period | Feature |
| Type 1 | Shunzhi 1st-2nd (AD 1644-1645) | No inscription on the reverse side. |
| Type 2 | Shunzhi 2nd-8th (AD 1645-1651) | Single Chinese character indicating the casting unit on the reverse side. |
| Type 3 | Shunzhi 10th-14th (AD 1653-1657) | The reverse side of the coin features two sets of Chinese characters. The character on the left, “厘” (Cash), represents the coin’s value in relation to silver, while the character on the right indicates the minting authority responsible for producing the coin. |
| Type 4 | Shunzhi 14th-18th (AD 1657-1661) | Minted by the central Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Works, these coins are of higher quality, with Manchu script inscribed on both the left and right sides of the reverse. |
| Type 5 | Shunzhi 17th-18th (AD 1660-1661) | Coins minted by various regional mints feature Manchu script on the left side of the reverse and Chinese characters on the right side to indicate the minting authority. |
物件編號: A1016
年代: 公元 1660-1661 年
材質: 黃銅
尺寸: 26.8 x 26.8 x 0.9 mm
重量: 4.65 g
製造地: 河南省局
來源:
1. 諾南斯 2022
2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏
這是清朝入關的首任皇帝順治所鑄造的「順治通寶」，鑄造地點為河南省。這枚錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢，材質為黃銅。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左順序，依序鐫刻漢字「順治通寶」四字。錢幣背後左右兩側，依序以滿文「ᡭᡠ」(河)和漢文「河」標示鑄造地點。且從錢幣背面風格來判斷，能知道這枚錢幣為第五式。
順治4年(公元1647年)，河南省局於省會開封府正式開工，負責河南一省所需的銅錢鑄造。然而後續考慮到開封一地缺乏煤炭，故於順治6年(公元1649)將鑄錢局搬遷至懷慶府繼續生產。
順治皇帝統治的18年間，其鑄造的順治通寶按照背面版式，總計有五大種類：
| 版型 | 時間 | 特色 |
| 第一式 | 順治元年至2年 (公元1644至1645年) | 背面沒有任何銘文 |
| 第二式 | 順治2年至8年 (公元1645至1651年) | 背面為單一個漢字，標示鑄造單位 |
| 第三式 | 順治10年至14年 (公元1653至1657年) | 背面為兩組漢字，左側「厘」為錢幣得折算的白銀，右側則為鑄造單位 |
| 第四式 | 順治14年至18年 (公元1657至1661年) | 中央的戶部和工部鑄造，較為精美，背面的左右兩側皆為滿文 |
| 第五式 | 順治17年至18年 (公元1660至1661年) | 各地鑄錢局鑄造，背面的左側以滿文，右側則以漢文標示鑄造單位 |
