Qing Dynasty
Shunzhi Tongbao Type 5
Jizhou Town Bureau
清
順治通寶五式
薊州鎮局造
Item number: A1029
Year: AD 1660-1661
Material: Brass
Size: 26.9 x 27.1 x 0.9 mm
Weight: 3.8 g
Manufactured by: Jizhou Town Bureau
Provenance:
1. Noonans 2022
2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection
This is a “Shunzhi Tongbao” coin minted during the reign of Shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering China proper. The coin was produced in Jizhou Town, a military stronghold in Zhili Province. This coin has a typical square hole design and is made of brass, with its entire surface enveloped in a black patina. On the obverse, the characters “Shunzhi Tongbao” are inscribed in the order of top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse features Manchu script “ᡷᡳ” (Ji) on the left side and the Chinese character “Ji” on the right, indicating the minting location. Based on the reverse design, this coin is classified as the fifth type.
Jizhou Town is located next to the Great Wall and has been an important military stronghold for defending the capital, Beijing, since the Ming Dynasty. Consequently, a minting bureau was established in the area to meet the demands for military salaries. After the Qing court entered China, the Jizhou Town Bureau continued to produce coins until it was closed in the 61st year of Kangxi’s reign (AD 1722), marking the end of its historical significance.
During the 18-year reign of Emperor Shunzhi, the “Shunzhi Tongbao” coins were categorised into five major types based on the patterns on the reverse side:
| Type | Period | Feature |
| Type 1 | Shunzhi 1st-2nd (AD 1644-1645) | No inscription on the reverse side. |
| Type 2 | Shunzhi 2nd-8th (AD 1645-1651) | Single Chinese character indicating the casting unit on the reverse side. |
| Type 3 | Shunzhi 10th-14th (AD 1653-1657) | The reverse side of the coin features two sets of Chinese characters. The character on the left, “厘” (Cash), represents the coin’s value in relation to silver, while the character on the right indicates the minting authority responsible for producing the coin. |
| Type 4 | Shunzhi 14th-18th (AD 1657-1661) | Minted by the central Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Works, these coins are of higher quality, with Manchu script inscribed on both the left and right sides of the reverse. |
| Type 5 | Shunzhi 17th-18th (AD 1660-1661) | Coins minted by various regional mints feature Manchu script on the left side of the reverse and Chinese characters on the right side to indicate the minting authority. |
物件編號: A1029
年代: 公元 1660-1661 年
材質: 黃銅
尺寸: 26.9 x 27.1 x 0.9 mm
重量: 3.8 g
製造地: 薊州鎮局
來源:
1. 諾南斯 2022
2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏
這是清朝入關的首任皇帝順治所鑄造的「順治通寶」，鑄造地點為直隸省的軍事重地薊州鎮。這枚錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢，材質為黃銅，通體包裹著黑色包漿。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左順序，依序鐫刻漢字「順治通寶」四字。錢幣背後左右兩側，依序以滿文「ᡷᡳ」(薊)和漢文「薊」標示鑄造地點。且從錢幣背面風格來判斷，能知道這枚錢幣為第五式。
薊州鎮坐落於長城旁邊，從明朝時期就是保衛首都北京重要的軍事要地，故當地有設立鑄錢局以滿足發放兵餉的需求。清廷入關之後，仍持續沿用薊州鎮局鑄幣，直到康熙61年(公元1722年)方才走入歷史。
順治皇帝統治的18年間，其鑄造的順治通寶按照背面版式，總計有五大種類：
| 版型 | 時間 | 特色 |
| 第一式 | 順治元年至2年 (公元1644至1645年) | 背面沒有任何銘文 |
| 第二式 | 順治2年至8年 (公元1645至1651年) | 背面為單一個漢字，標示鑄造單位 |
| 第三式 | 順治10年至14年 (公元1653至1657年) | 背面為兩組漢字，左側「厘」為錢幣得折算的白銀，右側則為鑄造單位 |
| 第四式 | 順治14年至18年 (公元1657至1661年) | 中央的戶部和工部鑄造，較為精美，背面的左右兩側皆為滿文 |
| 第五式 | 順治17年至18年 (公元1660至1661年) | 各地鑄錢局鑄造，背面的左側以滿文，右側則以漢文標示鑄造單位 |
