Item number: A1053

Year: AD 1660-1661

Material: Brass

Size: 27.8 x 27.7 x 1.0 mm

Weight: 4.3 g

Manufactured by: Jiangning Prefecture Bureau

Provenance:

1. Noonans 2022

2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection

This is a “Shunzhi Tongbao” coin minted during the reign of Shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty after entering China proper. The coin was minted in Jiangning Prefecture, which is today’s Nanjing. This coin has a typical square hole design and is made of brass. The lower half of the coin’s obverse and the entire reverse side are covered with a black patina.

On the obverse, the characters “Shunzhi Tongbao” are inscribed in the order of top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse features Manchu script “ᠨᡳᠩ” (Ning) on the left side and the Chinese character “Ning” on the right, indicating the minting location. Based on the reverse design, this coin is classified as the fifth type.

After the Qing Empire conquered the Central Plains, Jiangning Prefecture (modern-day Nanjing), which had served as the former capital of the Ming dynasty, became a crucial military stronghold for controlling the southern regions and a vital economic hub. Therefore, in the 3rd year of the Shunzhi reign (AD 1646), the Qing court established the “Jiangning Prefecture Bureau,” abbreviated as “Bao Ning Bureau,” to oversee coin minting in the area.

In the 6th year of Kangxi (AD 1667), Jiangnan Province was divided into Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, and the Baoning Bureau came under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province. However, in the 9th year of Kangxi (AD 1670), the Baoning Bureau was ordered to cease its minting activities.

In the 61st year of Kangxi (AD 1722), the Ministry of Revenue decided to retain only one mint per province, designating the Baosu Bureau in Suzhou as the representative mint for Jiangsu Province. Consequently, the Baoning Bureau was officially closed and faded into history.

During the 18-year reign of Emperor Shunzhi, the “Shunzhi Tongbao” coins were categorised into five major types based on the patterns on the reverse side:

物件編號: A1053

年代: 公元 1660-1661 年

材質: 黃銅

尺寸: 27.8 x 27.7 x 1.0 mm

重量: 4.3 g

製造地: 江寧府局

來源:

1. 諾南斯 2022

2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏

這是清朝入關的首任皇帝順治所鑄造的「順治通寶」，鑄造地點為江寧府，即今日的南京。這枚錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢，材質為黃銅。錢幣正面下半部和整個背面包裹著黑色包漿。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左順序，依序鐫刻漢字「順治通寶」四字。錢幣背後左右兩側，依序以滿文「ᠨᡳᠩ」(寧)和漢文「寧」標示鑄造地點。且從錢幣背面風格來判斷，能知道這枚錢幣為第五式。

清帝國征服中原後，過去作為明故都的江寧府(今 南京)，不僅是帝國控制南方的重要軍事要邑，還是支撐經濟的重要命脈。故於順治3年(公元1646年)，清廷於當地設立江寧府局，簡稱為「寶寧局」負責鑄幣。

康熙6年(公元1667年)，江南省被劃分為安徽和江蘇兩省，寶寧局歸於江蘇省管轄。不過在康熙9年(公元1670年)，寶寧局受旨停止其鑄幣業務。康熙61年(公元1772年)，戶部中央拍板各省僅保留一座鑄錢局的政策下，江蘇省確立以蘇州的「寶蘇局」作為代表，寶寧局就此走入歷史。

順治皇帝統治的18年間，其鑄造的順治通寶按照背面版式，總計有五大種類：