Item number: A592

Year: AD 1796-1820

Material: Brass

Size: 20.7 x 20.5 x 1.1 mm

Weight: 3.35 g

Manufactured by: Bao Shan Bureau

Provenance:

1. Noonans 2022

2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection

This is a “Jiaqing Tongbao” coin minted during the Jiaqing period by the Bao Shan Bureau in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. The coin has the typical square-holed design and is made of brass. The obverse side features a narrower outer rim compared to the reverse side. The Chinese characters “Jiaqing Tongbao” are inscribed in sequence from top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse side bears the Manchu characters “ᠪᠣᡠ ᡧᠠᠨ” (Bao Shan) on either side, indicating the minting authority.

The Bao Shan Bureau was initially established in the 2nd year of the Shunzhi reign (AD 1645). During the Jiaqing period, Shaanxi Province discovered local copper mines, gradually reducing its reliance on copper imports from Yunnan for minting coins. The bureau continued its operations until the 31st year of the Guangxu reign (AD 1905), when it was officially closed due to prolonged inactivity.

After Jiaqing ascended to the throne following his father Qianlong’s abdication, he faced a massive financial crisis left behind by his predecessor. To address this, Jiaqing allowed the continued use of silver by the populace while simultaneously working to improve the quality of minted coins. As a result, the quality of “Jiaqing Tongbao” coins was notably superior and more standardised compared to the coins minted during the later years of Qianlong’s reign, with the weight officially set at 1 Mace 2 Candareens.

However, Jiaqing’s financial reforms were disrupted by frequent uprisings led by secret societies such as the White Lotus and Tianli sects. These disturbances undermined his efforts, leading to widespread private minting and even official adulteration of coinage, which in turn caused rampant inflation. In response, Jiaqing issued an edict permitting provinces lacking copper resources to suspend coin production. If they were to continue minting coins, the weight had to be strictly maintained at 1 Mace 2 Candareens. Consequently, many provinces ceased production, leading to a reduction in the circulation of copper coins and a subsequent stabilisation of prices.

物件編號: A592

年代: 公元 1796-1820 年

材質: 黃銅

尺寸: 20.7 x 20.5 x 1.1 mm

重量: 3.35 g

製造地: 寶陝局

來源:

1. 諾南斯 2022

2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏

這是一枚嘉慶年間，位於陝西省西安的寶陝局鑄造之「嘉慶通寶」。錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢，材質為黃銅。這枚錢幣正面的外廓較背面來得窄。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左的順序，依序鐫刻漢字「嘉慶通寶」四字。錢幣背面的左右兩側，以滿文「ᠪᠣᡠ ᡧᠠᠨ」(寶陝) 兩字標示鑄造單位。

寶陝局最早成立於順治2年(公元1645年)。進入嘉慶年間，陝西省恰好於省內發現銅礦，故逐步減少從雲南輸入銅礦鑄造錢幣。直到光緒31年(公元1905年)，因停產已久遭正式宣布裁撤。

嘉慶接受父親乾隆的禪讓登基為皇帝之後，面對父親留下的龐大財務危機，嘉慶一面聽任民眾使用白銀，另一方面整頓鑄幣的品質，使得嘉慶通寶的品質較乾隆末期的錢幣來得精美和規範，重量規定為一錢二分。然而嘉慶年間，國內頻繁出現白蓮教和天理教等祕密結社的叛亂，使得嘉慶的金融整頓努力只得半途而廢，各地又出現私鑄和官方偷工減料使得物價飛漲。這些因素迫使嘉慶上諭，缺乏銅礦的省份得以自行停鑄，若要繼續鑄幣則重量需要足一錢二分。因此各省紛紛停鑄，使得市面上的銅錢數量減少，方才使物價逐漸回穩。