Item number: A561

Year: AD 1820-1850

Material: Brass

Size: 25.5 x 25.5 x 1.1 mm

Weight: 4.4 g

Manufactured by: Bao Feng Bureau

Provenance:

1. Noonans 2022

2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection

This is a “Daoguang Tongbao” coin minted during the Daoguang period by the Bao Feng Bureau in Fengtian Province. The coin features a typical square-holed design and is made of brass. On the obverse side, the Chinese characters “Daoguang Tongbao” are inscribed in a sequence from top, bottom, right, and left. The reverse side displays the Manchu characters “ᠪᠣᠣ ᡶᡠᠩ” (Bao Feng) on either side, indicating the minting authority.

The Bao Feng Bureau began operations during the early Qing Dynasty under the Shunzhi reign but ceased production during the Kangxi period. It did not resume operations until the Guangxu period. Given the timeframe of the Daoguang period, this coin was likely not officially minted by the Bao Feng Bureau, which should have been non-operational at the time. It may have been privately cast to meet local monetary demand.

Towards the end of the reign of Daoguang’s father, Emperor Jiaqing, the empire began to face the problem of silver outflow, which led to a continuous rise in the price of silver. This made it impossible to maintain the traditional exchange rate of 1,000 copper coins to one tael of silver. The purchasing power of copper coins declined, creating a dilemma for the government, as the more copper coins they minted, the greater the financial losses incurred. As a result, provinces in the southwest increasingly reduced the weight of their coins, forcing the imperial court to eventually resort to halting minting altogether. By the end of the Daoguang reign, only four mints—Bao Quan, Bao Yong, Bao Guang, and Bao Zhe—continued official production. In other provinces, minting was largely conducted by local officials in an unofficial capacity.

Daoguang was the seventh emperor of the Qing dynasty, known for an incident during his time as crown prince in which he personally shot and killed two assassins from the Tianli sect who had infiltrated the Forbidden City using a bird gun. Upon his accession to the throne, the most notable and historically significant event of his reign was the Opium War, which began in the 20th year of Daoguang’s reign (AD 1840) between the Qing Empire and Britain. The conflict arose over disputes regarding opium trade and free trade policies. Following the Qing defeat, the imperial court was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain. This marked the collapse of the traditional East Asian tributary system and the beginning of European-led modernization in the region.

物件編號: A561

年代: 公元 1820-1850 年

材質: 黃銅

尺寸: 25.5 x 25.5 x 1.1 mm

重量: 4.4 g

製造地: 寶奉局

來源:

1. 諾南斯 2022

2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏

這是一枚道光年間，奉天省的寶奉局鑄造的「道光通寶」。錢幣形制為典型的方孔錢，材質為黃銅。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左的順序，依序鐫刻漢字「道光通寶」四字。錢幣背面的左右兩側，以滿文「ᠪᠣᠣ ᡶᡠᠩ」(寶奉) 兩字標示鑄造單位。寶奉局於清初順治年間開工，但於康熙年間旋即停產。直到光緒年間才重新復工。這枚錢幣對應的道光時期，寶奉局理當尚未復工，可能是為滿足地方的錢幣需求才私自鑄造。

道光的父親嘉慶在位末期，帝國開始面對白銀外流的問題，使得銀價日漲，無法再維繫一千枚的銅錢兌換一兩白銀的兌率。銅錢的購買力下降，使得政府面對鑄造越多銅錢，則賠本就增加更多的困境。因此位於西南方的省份不斷減輕錢幣的重量，使得朝廷最終只得祭出停鑄一法。道光末年能繼續鑄造的錢局僅有寶泉、寶雲、寶廣和寶浙四個局處，其餘省份則屬於地方官員私下鑄造的舉措。

道光為清朝第七位皇帝，太子時期曾親手以鳥銃擊斃兩名闖入紫禁城的天理教刺客為知名。道光繼位之後，最為知名和影響深遠的事件為清帝國和英國之間，於道光20年(公元1840年)，為了鴉片和自由貿易爭議引起的鴉片戰爭。戰敗的清廷被迫簽訂《南京條約》割讓香港島，標示著東亞傳統朝貢秩序的崩潰和歐洲主導的現代化開端。