Item number: A1172

Year: AD 1835-1848

Material: Gold

Size: 20.8 x 20.8 x 0.5 mm

Weight: 3.45 g

Provenance: Morton & Eden 2024

This is a gold ducat issued in the name of the Kingdom of Hungary by Emperor Ferdinand I of the Austrian Empire, who also reigned as King Ferdinand V of Hungary. On the obverse, the monarch is depicted holding a sceptre and orb, with the surrounding inscription “FERD · I · D · G · AVST · IMP · HVNG · B · REX · H · N · V · R · L · V · C · G · L · I · A · A.” This inscription is an abbreviation for “Ferdinand I, by the Grace of God, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Lombardy, Venice, Dalmatia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Illyria, and Archduke of Austria.” The reverse features the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus in the centre, and below them, the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary. The surrounding inscription reads “SANCTA MARIA MATER DEI PATRONA HUNGARIAE,” which translates to “Holy Mary, Mother of God, Patroness of Hungary.”

After the Battle of Mohács in AD 1526, the Habsburg family of Austria claimed the Hungarian throne through dynastic ties following the death of King Louis II. This led to the division of the Kingdom of Hungary between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire. Due to the nature of the personal union between Austria and Hungary, Hungary was not fully integrated into Austria. The local nobility retained their own parliament and legal system, and the language and culture of the Hungarian people remained distinct from those of Austria.

In AD 1848, the February Revolution in France sparked a wave of revolutionary movements across Europe, known as the “Springtime of Nations.” Under Habsburg rule, Hungary also experienced an independence movement. However, this movement was eventually suppressed by the combined forces of Austria and Imperial Russia. In the aftermath, Austria made concessions: Chancellor Metternich resigned, Emperor Ferdinand I abdicated, and Austria recognised the independence of the Hungarian constitution. The events following the independence movement ultimately led to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Today, Hungary commemorates the outbreak of the 1848 revolution as a national holiday on March 15 each year.

物件編號: A1172

年代: 公元 1835-1848 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 20.8 x 20.8 x 0.5 mm

重量: 3.45 g

來源: 莫頓與伊登 2024

這是一枚奧地利帝國皇帝斐迪南一世(兼任匈牙利國王斐迪南五世)以匈牙利王國名義發行的1達克特金幣。正面為手持權杖及金球的君主，外圈銘文「FERD · I · D · G · AVST · IMP · HVNG · B · REX · H · N · V · R · L · V · C · G · L · I · A · A」為斐迪南一世，蒙上帝洪福，奧地利皇帝，波西米亞、匈牙利王國的斐迪南五世、倫巴底、威尼斯、達爾馬提亞、加利西亞、洛多梅里亞、伊利里亞國王，奧地利大公的縮寫。背面中央為聖母瑪利亞及年幼的耶穌，下方則為匈牙利王國的紋章。外圈銘文「SANCTA MARIA MATER DEI PATRONA HUNGARIAE」為聖瑪利亞，耶穌的母親，匈牙利的保護者。

奧地利哈布斯堡家族自公元1526年第一次摩哈赤戰役後，從陣亡的拉約什二世以姻親的方式取得王位宣稱，並與鄂圖曼土耳其分割匈牙利王國領土。由於共主聯邦的性質，匈牙利未被完全併入奧地利，當地貴族保留自身的議會與法律，人民的語言、文化也與奧地利有別。

公元1848年法國發生二月革命，連帶引起歐洲各國民族之春的革命浪潮，哈布斯堡統治下的匈牙利也出現獨立運動，在經過奧地利及沙俄聯軍的鎮壓後失敗。最終，奧地利方面作出妥協，梅特涅首相辭職、皇帝斐迪南一世退位並宣布保障匈牙利憲法的獨立性。獨立運動之後促成了公元1867年奧地利-匈牙利折衷方案以及奧匈帝國的成立。現今匈牙利每年的3月15日，仍將公元1848年匈牙利革命爆發作為國定假日。