Item number: A1165

Year: AD 1101-1130

Material: Gold

Size: 20.9 x 20.7 x 0.7 mm

Weight: 3.7 g

Provenance: Morton & Eden 2024

This is a gold dinar from a Crusader kingdom, modelled after the second type of Fatimid dynasty dinars. Both the obverse and reverse sides feature inscriptions in Kufic Arabic script, arranged in a circular pattern, providing information such as the date of minting and the reigning ruler. Qur’anic verses are also included, reflecting Islamic elements in the design.

After the First Crusade, several Crusader kingdoms (such as the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Principality of Antioch) were established along the eastern Mediterranean coast, surrounded by expansive Islamic territories. The Latin ruling class from Western Europe governed a large Muslim population, and their economy and taxation systems were heavily influenced by the surrounding states.

Since the Umayyad Caliphate, the gold dinar produced by the Arab Empire became a key currency in the Mediterranean trade network due to its high purity. The rulers of the Crusader states believed that issuing their own currency would be less practical and less accepted than imitating the dinar. As a result, early Crusader coinage closely resembled the dinars of Fatimid Egypt, not only using Arabic inscriptions but also retaining Islamic elements, which were not replaced by Christian motifs or styles. This stands in contrast to the coinage issued by other European countries.

物件編號: A1165

年代: 公元 1101-1130 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 20.9 x 20.7 x 0.7 mm

重量: 3.7 g

來源: 莫頓與伊登 2024

這是一枚來自十字軍國家的金第納爾，仿造法蒂瑪王朝阿米爾第二型的樣式。正反兩面皆為庫法體的阿拉伯文，以環形排列表示其製造日期、在位君主等資訊，並以古蘭經中的經文展現伊斯蘭元素。

第一次十字軍東征後，數個十字軍國家(耶路撒冷王國、安提克公國等)建立於地中海近東沿岸，被疆域廣大的伊斯蘭國家包圍。來自西歐的拉丁統治階級，統治著大量的穆斯林人口，而其經濟與稅收也受周邊國家影響。

自伍麥亞王朝起，阿拉伯帝國所生產的第納爾金幣因其純度足，而成為泛地中海貿易圈中的重要通貨。十字軍國家的統治者認為重新發行貨幣的流通性及實用性不如仿造第納爾的樣式，故早期的貨幣外觀與法蒂瑪王朝下的埃及第納爾極其相似。不只以阿拉伯文作為銘文，當中的伊斯蘭元素也未被基督宗教的裝飾及風格取代，有別於其他歐洲國家所發行的貨幣。