Item number: A846

Year: AD 649-846

Material: Bronze

Size: 24.7 x 24.8 x 1.0 mm

Weight: 3.65 g

Provenance:

1. Noonans 2022

2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection

This coin, issued starting from the 4th year of the Wude era during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty (AD 621), replaced the “Wu Zhu” coinage system that had been in use since the Han Dynasty. Known as the “Kaiyuan Tongbao,” this coin represents the first instance in Chinese history where the term “Tongbao” was used in the naming of a coin. Its introduction profoundly influenced the development of Chinese coinage over the subsequent millennium.

This coin retains the traditional square-hole design. On the obverse side, the characters “Kaiyuan Tongbao” are inscribed sequentially from top, bottom, right, to left. However, there is also a theory that the characters should be read in a clockwise order as “Kaitong Yuanbao.” The reverse side of the coin is plain, without any design or inscription.

The characteristics of this coin include the radical “⻍” in the character “Tong,” which consists of four connected strokes, and the second horizontal stroke in the character “Yuan,” which has a distinct upward hook to the left. Based on its dimensions, with a diameter of 24.7 mm and a weight of 3.65 g, it can be determined that this coin was likely minted between the reigns of Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty, approximately from AD 649 to AD 846.

Numismatists divide Kaiyuan Tongbao into three stages according to time:

According to the Old Book of Tang, the characters on the Kaiyuan Tongbao coin were written by Ouyang Xun, a renowned calligrapher of the early Tang Dynasty. He employed a style that blended clerical script and seal script, known as “bafen clerical script.” The resulting script was both elegant and vigorous, earning widespread admiration in subsequent generations. This led many rulers of later dynasties to use the calligraphy of the Kaiyuan Tongbao as a model for minting their own coinage.

Starting with the reign of Emperor Gaozong, the production of the Kaiyuan Tongbao coin extended throughout the entire Tang Dynasty. Its minting persisted into the subsequent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period and continued until the early Song Dynasty. Moreover, under the influence of the Tang cultural sphere, regions such as Central Asia produced imitations of the Kaiyuan Tongbao. This widespread replication resulted in numerous distinct variants, contributing to a highly complex array of forms.

物件編號: A846

年代: 公元 649-846 年

材質: 青銅

尺寸: 24.7 x 24.8 x 1.0 mm

重量: 3.65 g

來源:

1. 諾南斯 2022

2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏

這是一枚自唐高祖武德4年(公元621年)起，取代漢代以來的「五銖錢」貨幣系統所發行的「開元通寶」。這是中國歷史上第一枚以「通寶」命名的錢幣，深切影響後續一千多年中國的錢幣發展。

這枚錢幣外觀仍沿襲方孔錢形制。錢幣正面按上、下、右、左的順序，依序鐫刻「開元通寶」四字。但是也有應該以順時針讀作「開通元寶」一說。錢幣背面為光背，沒有任何圖案或文字。

這枚錢幣的特徵是「通」字的部首「⻍」為四個連寫的撇，「元」字的第二橫有一個明顯的左挑。結合這枚錢幣的直徑為24.7公釐和重量為3.65克的諸元，能判斷是大致於唐高宗至唐武宗年間 (公元649至846年)所鑄造。

錢幣學家將開元通寶按照時間分為三個階段：

根據《舊唐書》的紀載，開元通寶的文字由唐初大書法家歐陽詢以結合隸書和篆書的「八分書」書寫而成，字體十分清麗遒美深受後世追捧，使得後續不同朝代的統治者時常以「開元通寶」書法為範本鑄造自身的貨幣。

自唐高宗起，開元通寶的鑄造縱貫整個唐代，後續的五代十國至宋朝初年仍有鑄造，乃至受到唐文化圈影響的中亞皆有仿鑄，使其擁有諸多不同的版型極為複雜。