Item number: A379

Year: AD 20-40

Material: Silver

Size: 12.0 x 11.6 x 1.3 mm

Weight: 1.3 g

Provenance: Noonans 2022

This is a silver stater coin issued between AD 20 and AD 40 by the Celtic tribe “Catuvellauni” during the Iron Age, before the full Roman conquest of England. The coin was minted under the authority of Chief Epaticcus, who ruled over the southeastern region of England.

The obverse of the stater features a profile portrait of Hercules wearing a lion skin, with the name of the chieftain “Epaticcus” (EPATI) inscribed to the right. The reverse shows an eagle with outstretched wings standing on a serpent, enclosed within a beaded circle. This imagery reflects the influence of Greco-Roman deities on the Celtic culture of England during that time. Additionally, distinctive Celtic bullseye motifs can be observed around the edges on both sides of the coin, highlighting local artistic elements.

Between 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar led Roman legions on two expeditions into southern England. Although Caesar did not annex England into the Roman Empire, these incursions initiated a period of interaction between the Celtic tribes of southern England and Rome. It was not until AD 43 that Emperor Claudius commissioned Aulus Plautius to lead an invasion that successfully subdued the Catuvellauni and other Celtic tribes in southern England. This campaign resulted in the establishment of a Roman province and the consolidation of Roman rule in the region.

物件編號: A379

年代: 公元 20-40 年

材料: 銀

尺寸: 12.0 x 11.6 x 1.3 mm

重量: 1.3 g

來源: 諾南斯 2022

這是一枚公元20至40年之間，羅馬尚未全面征服英格蘭的鐵器時代之際，位於英格蘭東南部的「卡圖維拉尼」凱爾特部落，其酋長「埃帕提庫斯」發行的斯塔特銀幣。

斯塔特正面有披著獅皮的海克力斯側臉肖像，右邊則打印首領「埃帕提庫斯」(EPATI)的名字。錢幣背面則有一道環繞的珠圈，裡面則有一隻張開雙翅和腳踏一條蛇的老鷹圖飾。從錢幣的形制和使用希臘羅馬神祇，能發現羅馬對於英格蘭凱爾特文化的影響。不過若觀察錢幣雙面的周圍，亦能發現極具地方特色的凱爾特風格牛眼圖騰。

公元前55至54年間，凱薩曾兩度率領羅馬兵團遠征南英格蘭。雖然凱薩未將英格蘭納入版圖，卻開啟英格蘭，尤其是南部地區的凱爾特部落跟羅馬之間的交流。要待公元43年，克勞狄一世指派奧魯斯·普勞提烏斯率軍征服卡圖維拉尼在內的南英格蘭凱爾特部落，羅馬帝國方才在當地建立行省並確立統治。