Item number: A384-1

Year: AD 1934

Material: Copper

Size: 17.7 x 17.7 x 0.9 mm

Weight: 1.8 g

Provenance:

1. Noonans 2022

2. D. L. F. Sealy Collection

This is a one cent copper coin issued on February 5, AD 1934, by the Chinese Soviet Republic, established by the Chinese Communist Party. It was circulated in the Central Soviet Area, the largest controlled region spanning across the borders of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. The obverse of the coin features the denomination “1” in Arabic numerals, set against the background of the CCP emblem, which consists of a hammer and sickle. Surrounding the upper edge of the coin, the country name “Chinese Soviet Republic” is inscribed from right to left.

The reverse of the coin features the denomination “one cent” written vertically in Chinese at the centre, with a five-pointed star above it. On either side, there are depictions of rice and wheat stalks tied together with a bow, symbolising the peasant class that the Chinese Communist Party aimed to appeal to.

In AD 1927, following the split between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), initially brought together through Soviet mediation, a series of armed conflicts ensued, including the April 12 Purge and the Nanchang Uprising. Under the pressure of KMT’s suppression, the CCP was forced to withdraw from major cities such as Shanghai, retreating to rural areas to establish new bases.

In AD 1931, CCP representatives gathered in Ruijin, Jiangxi, to proclaim the establishment of the “Chinese Soviet Republic” (CSR). The following year, the “Chinese Soviet Republic Central Bank” was established to issue its own currency, including one and five cent copper coins, which were products of this period. However, by AD 1934, facing the KMT’s fifth encirclement campaign, the CCP was compelled to abandon its bases in southern China and move towards Shaanxi, marking the beginning of the “Long March.” This epic journey not only solidified Mao Zedong’s position as the paramount leader but also became a legendary chapter in the CCP’s history.

物件編號: A384-1

年代: 公元 1934 年

材料: 銅

尺寸: 17.7 x 17.7 x 0.9 mm

重量: 1.8 g

來源:

1. 諾南斯 2022

2. 大衛.萊斯利.福布斯.西利舊藏

這是一枚公元1934年2月5日起，中國共產黨成立的「中華蘇維埃共和國」，於橫跨福建和江西地界之面積最大的控制區「中央蘇區」發行之面額一分銅幣。錢幣正面，是一個以鐮刀和鐵鎚的中共黨徽為背景的面額，以阿拉伯數字呈現的「1」。上緣的周圍，按右至左的順序鐫刻國號「中華蘇維埃共和國」。

背面的中央是直書中文面額「一分」，上方頂著一枚五角星。左右兩側是以蝴蝶結綑綁於一起的稻穗和麥穗意象，代表中共意圖爭取的農民階級。

公元1927年，原先於蘇聯撮合下合作的國民黨和共產黨分裂後，雙方陸續發生四一二清黨和南昌暴動等武裝衝突。中共面臨國民黨的圍剿之下，被迫紛紛退出像是上海等大城市，輾轉撤退至鄉村建立新根據地。公元1931年，中共代表齊聚於江西瑞金宣告成立「中華蘇維埃共和國」，於隔年組建「中華蘇維埃共和國中央銀行」發行自主的紙幣和硬幣，一分和五分面額的銅幣正是該時期的產物。但公元1934年面臨國軍五次圍剿，中共被迫放棄在華南的諸根據地往陝西移動，開啟其「兩萬五千里長征」神話和獨尊毛澤東為唯一領袖的政治發展。