ROC,

1 Sar, ROC era 6,

Tihwa Mint

(Rosette Version)

民國

壹兩 民國六年

迪化銀圓局造

(有花版)

Item number: A293

Year: AD 1917

Material: Silver

Manufactured by: Tihwa Mint, Xinjiang

Provenance: Stack’s Bowers 2024

This is a one-sar silver coin minted by the “Tihwa Mint” in Dihua, the capital of Xinjiang province (now Urumqi), in the sixth year of the Republic of China (AD 1917). The obverse side of the coin features two beaded circles, with the central circle engraved with the upright Chinese characters “one sar”, flanked by the Uyghur script for “silver coin”. The outer edges of the coin are divided by plum blossoms, with the inscription “Tihwa Mint” on the upper edge and the minting year “6th ROC era” on the lower edge.

The reverse side also features two beaded circles, with the inner circles inscribed with the Uyghur script for “Urumqi” and “One Sar” denomination. The outer perimeter is adorned with floral patterns in an Arabic style. The silver coin is categorised into two versions based on the presence or absence of a plum blossom at the top, known as the “Rosette” and “Non-Rosette” versions, respectively. This particular item is identified as the “Rosette version.”

The establishment of the Tihwa Mint can be traced back to the 29th year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (AD 1903). Yang Zengxin, who was serving as the Zhen Tihwa Dao Tai at the time, received orders from higher authorities to emulate other oases such as Kashgar and Aksu in finding a suitable location for setting up the Tihwa Mint. By AD 1917, as the Republic of China era began, the Xinjiang provincial government, in order to provide currency for circulation limited to Tihwa, once again issued silver coins. However, the minting machinery at the Tihwa Mint was inherited from the late Qing Dynasty governor Yuan Dahua, purchased in Shanghai, and after years of use, its pressure had become insufficient. As a result, the minted coins had unclear designs, and production was reluctantly halted in the 7th year of the Republic (AD 1918).

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, the varying weight standards of silver coins in different regions led to confusion in domestic currency exchange. In Xinjiang, a frontier region of the Qing Empire, the unit of measurement initially followed the “Kuping” standard, which was based on taxes collected by the central government. However, following the invasion by Yakub Beg during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, and the subsequent reconquest of Xinjiang by the Hunanese-led Xiang Army under the leadership of Zuo Zongtang, individuals from Hunan emerged as a new political force in Xinjiang. Consequently, after Xinjiang was established as a province in the 10th year of the Guangxu Emperor’s reign (AD 1884), the weight standard shifted to the “Xiangping” standard from Hunan, which continued to be used until the early years of the Republic of China.

This coin is embedded in a silver dish crafted by the renowned Shanghai silversmith Zee Sung, with the manufacturing period estimated to fall roughly between AD 1927 and AD 1932.

物件編號: A293

年代: 公元 1917 年

材質:

製造地: 迪化銀圓局,新疆

來源: SBP錢幣拍賣 2024

這是一枚民國6年(公元1917年),由新疆省會迪化(今 烏魯木齊)「迪化銀圓局」鑄造的一兩銀圓。硬幣正面有兩道珠圈,中央的珠圈內鐫刻豎立的漢字「壹兩」,漢字兩側是維吾爾文的「銀錢」。硬幣外圍的兩側以梅花為分界,上緣鐫刻「迪化銀圓局造」,下緣則是鑄造年份「中華民國六年」。

背面同樣有兩道珠圈,內部以維吾爾文鐫刻「烏魯木齊」和「壹兩」兩行字,外圍是阿拉伯風格的花草紋。銀圓按照頂部梅花的有無,分為「有花」和「無花」兩種版本,該物件為「有花版」。

迪化銀圓局能上溯至光緒29年(公元1903年),時任鎮迪道道台的楊增新奉上級命令,效仿喀什和阿克蘇其他綠洲,尋找合適的地點設立迪化銀圓局。公元1917年,時序進入民國之際,新疆省政府為提供限於迪化流通的貨幣,再度發行銀圓。然而銀圓局的造幣機為沿用清代末任巡撫袁大化在上海所購,經過多年使用的機器其壓力已經不足。因此鑄造的錢幣圖案不甚清晰,勉強鑄造至民國7年(公元1918年)便宣布停產。

清末到民國初年,民間各地的銀圓秤重不一造成國內複雜的幣值兌換。作為清帝國西陲的新疆,起先以朝廷中央納稅的「庫平」為單位。然而歷經光緒年間的阿古柏入侵,在左宗棠領導下的湘軍收復新疆後,使得湖南人躍身為新疆官場的新興勢力。因此光緒10年(公元1884年),新疆建省後改以湖南標準的「湘平」為記重單位,並持續沿用至民國初年。

這枚硬幣被鑲嵌在上海著名銀匠時新打造的銀盤器皿上,其鑄造時間大致落在公元1927至1932年之間。

類似/相同物件 請看:

文化部典藏網 Ministry of Culture

https://collections.culture.tw/Object.aspx?SYSUID=14&RNO=MjUyMzQ%3d

中華古董文物博物館 Chinese Antique Museum

https://www.chinese-antique-museum.com/view-product.php?id=384

更多相關訊息請參考:

張惠信,《中國貨幣史話目錄》(中和: 編著者,1982)

林國明 編,《中國近代機制金銀幣目錄》(上海:上海科學技術出版社,2021)

周金科,〈新疆迪化“壹兩”銀幣〉,《西安市:收藏》,(2010),頁123

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