Item number: A246

Year: AD 1382-1395

Material: Silver

Size: 12.3 x 12.3 mm

Provenance: Private Collector, Taiwan, 2024

This is a denar silver coin minted during the reign of Queen Mary I of Hungary and Croatia, between AD 1382 and AD 1395. On the obverse side of the coin, there is a crown in the centre, surrounded by the Latin Uncial inscription “Mary, Queen of Hungary”. On the reverse side, there are two cross pattée arranged vertically, surrounded by the Latin Uncial inscription “Coin of Queen Mary”.

Maria I was the daughter of King Louis the Great of Hungary, who ruled over a vast territory including present-day Hungary, Poland, and the Balkan Peninsula, earning him the epithet “whose shores were washed by three seas.” Upon the death of Louis the Great in AD 1382, Maria ascended to the throne of Hungary at the age of ten under the regency of her mother, while her only surviving sister became the Queen of Poland. In AD 1385, Maria’s reign was briefly challenged by her distant relative, Charles III of Naples, invited by Croatian nobles. However, with the intervention of the dowager queen, Charles III was assassinated, leading to the dowager queen’s exile. Maria I and her husband, Sigismund of the Luxembourg dynasty, jointly ruled Hungary.

However, Maria’s relationship with Sigismund was not harmonious. In AD 1395, while pregnant with their child, Maria suffered a fatal accident falling from a horse, resulting in her death along with the unborn child. Sigismund, amidst suspicions surrounding his wife’s death, seized the opportunity to become the new King of Hungary. With Maria’s death, the Angevin-Sicilian dynasty’s rule over Hungary came to an end.

物件編號: A246

年代: 公元 1382-1395 年

材料: 銀

尺寸: 12.3 x 12.3 mm

來源: 臺灣私人收藏 2024

這是一枚公元1382至1395年間，統治匈牙利和克羅埃西亞的瑪麗亞一世女王的代納爾銀幣。銀幣正面的中央是一頂王冠，周圍以拉丁文的安色爾字體寫上「瑪麗亞，匈牙利女王」頭銜。背面則是上下排列的雙十字架，周圍以安色爾字體寫上「瑪莉亞女王的錢幣」。

瑪麗亞一世是匈牙利最偉大的國王：拉約什一世的女兒，拉約什一世統治下的疆域涵蓋今日的匈牙利、波蘭和巴爾幹半島一帶，被稱作「被三大海洋沖刷的巨大王國」。公元1382年拉約什一世駕崩後，時年十歲的瑪麗亞在母親攝政下登基為匈牙利女王，唯一倖存的妹妹則成為波蘭女王。公元1385年，瑪麗亞一世的王位一度遭到克羅埃西亞貴族邀請的遠親卡洛三世挑戰。不過在皇太后的操作下卡洛三世遭到刺殺，但皇太后也就此遭致流放。瑪麗亞一世和夫婿，即神聖羅馬帝國盧森堡王朝的西吉斯蒙德共同成為匈牙利統治者。

不過瑪麗亞和西吉斯蒙德的關係並不和睦，公元1395年，身懷六甲的瑪麗亞在一場意外中落馬，身受重傷連同胎兒一併死亡。殺妻疑雲壟罩的西吉斯蒙德順勢成為新任匈牙利國王，瑪麗亞的安茹-西西里王朝就此結束在匈牙利的統治。