Sumatra Aceh Sultanate

Sultan Alauddin Ahmad

1 Gold Kupang

Item number: A147

Year: AD 1727-1735

Material: Gold

Size: 14.0 x 14.0 mm

Weight: 0.58 g

Provenance: Spink 2023

This object is a gold coin minted and issued during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Ahmad Shah, the twenty-third Sultan of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam in Sumatra, Indonesia, from AD 1727 to AD 1735. It carries the weight of 1 Kupang.

The obverse of this coin features Arabic inscription which read “Seri Sultan Alauddin”, translating to “sublime Sultan Alauddin.” The perimeter of the coin is adorned with decorative beads. The reverse side bears an Arabic inscription continuing from the obverse reading “Ahmad Shah Johan Berdaulat”, meaning “Ahmad Shah Johan sovereign.” The outer rim of the coin is similarly embellished with small beads.

Kupang:
The “Kupang” was an ancient unit of measurement for gold, approximately equivalent to 0.6 grams. The use of this weight unit can be traced back to the 11th centuries in port areas along the Southeast Asian coast, indicating its connection to international trade.
It was commonly employed during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial periods for transactions involving spices and other valuable commodities. With the Dutch colonial period and the influence of European trade on local currencies, this unit gradually became supplanted by Western currencies.

Sultan Alauddin Ahmad Shah was the twenty-third ruler of the Sultanate of Aceh, reigning from AD 1727 to AD 1735. According to Acehnese chronicles, Aceh experienced relative peace and stability under Alauddin Ahmad’s rule. He facilitated economic growth in Aceh Sultanate through trade relations with England and China, contributing significantly to the overall prosperity of Aceh during this period. Additionally, as a descendant of the Bugis people, Alauddin Ahmad established the Aceh-Bugis dynasty during his reign.

The Sultanate of Aceh was an Islamic powerhouse that ruled over the Aceh region of Sumatra, Indonesia, from the 15th to the 19th centuries. Its capital was Kutaraja (present-day Banda Aceh). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, the kingdom was one of the most influential sultanates in Southeast Asia. It was renowned for its strategic location along major trade routes and its influence in spreading Islam throughout the region.

The Sultanate of Aceh reached its zenith in the 16th and 17th centuries, becoming a significant maritime and commercial power that controlled the trade routes between the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca.

One of the most notable aspects of the Sultanate of Aceh was its steadfast resistance against European expansion. Aceh successfully repelled attempts by Portugal and the Netherlands to conquer the region, gaining renown for its formidable military prowess.

The decline of the Sultanate of Aceh began in the late 17th centuries, attributed to factors such as internal conflicts, external pressure from the Dutch East India Company, and competition with other regional powers. In AD 1873, the Netherlands initiated the Aceh War with the aim of conquering Aceh and establishing colonial rule in the region. The war lasted for several decades, culminating in Aceh’s conquest by the Dutch in AD 1903.

蘇門答臘 亞齊蘇丹國

蘇丹阿勞丁·艾哈邁德

1古邦金幣

物件編號: A147

年代: 公元 1727-1735 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 14.0 x 14.0 mm

重量: 0.58 g

來源: 斯賓克拍賣行 2023

此枚硬幣為印尼蘇門答臘的亞齊蘇丹國第二十三任蘇丹阿勞丁·艾哈邁德·沙阿在位期間(公元1727-1735年)所鑄造發行的金幣,重量為1古邦

金幣的正面刻有阿拉伯文銘文 (Seri Sultan Alauddin),意為崇高的蘇丹阿勞丁,硬幣的周遭則有圓珠子環繞作為裝飾。背面是延續正面的阿拉伯銘文 (Ahmad Shah Johan Berdaulat),為艾哈邁德·沙阿·約翰君主的意思,硬幣的外圈同樣有小圓珠裝飾。 

古邦(Kupang):
古邦是古代的一種黃金計量單位,約等於0.6 g。這種重量單位的使用可以追溯到公元11世紀東南亞沿海的港口地區,表明它與國際貿易的聯繫,通常用於葡萄牙和荷蘭殖民時期涉及香料和其他貴重物品的交易。隨著荷蘭的殖民時期以及歐洲貿易對當地貨幣帶來的影響,這種單位最終逐漸被西方貨幣取代。

蘇丹阿勞丁·艾哈邁德·沙阿(Alauddin Ahmad Shah)是亞齊蘇丹國的第二十三任蘇丹,統治時間為公元1727至公元1735年。根據亞齊編年史,亞齊在阿勞丁·艾哈邁德的統治下相對和平且穩定,他透過與英國和中國的貿易促進了亞齊蘇丹國的經濟成長,並為該時期亞齊的整體繁榮做出了貢獻。且作為布吉斯人的後裔,阿勞丁·艾哈邁德在位期間建立了亞齊布吉斯王朝。

亞齊蘇丹國是公元15-19世紀統治印尼蘇門答臘亞齊地區的伊斯蘭強權,首都為哥打拉賈(Kutaraja,今班達亞齊)。該王國位於印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島北端,是東南亞最具影響力的蘇丹國之一,以其位於主要貿易路線上的戰略位置和在該地區傳播伊斯蘭教的影響而聞名。 

亞齊蘇丹國於公元16和17世紀達到巔峰,成為了重要的海上和商業強國,控制著印度洋和馬六甲海峽之間的貿易航線。 

亞齊蘇丹國最顯著的一個方面是其堅定抵抗歐洲的殖民擴張。亞齊成功地擊退葡萄牙和荷蘭試著征服該地區的企圖,並以強大的軍事力量聞名。 

亞齊蘇丹國的衰落始於公元17世紀末,原因包括內部衝突、荷蘭東印度公司的外部壓力以及與其他地區強國的競爭。 公元1873年,荷蘭發動了亞齊戰爭,以征服亞齊並在該地區建立殖民統治,戰爭持續了數十年,最終在公元1903年亞齊被荷蘭征服。

類似/相同物件 請看:

文化部典藏網 Ministry of Culture

https://collections.culture.tw/Object.aspx?RNO=QU0wMDQ2MDc=&SYSUID=13

PCGS官網

https://www.pcgsasia.com/cert/43099049

更多相關訊息請參考:

Michael Mitchiner (1977): Oriental Coins and their Values: The World of Islam. London, Hawkins Publications.

Khan, Sher Banu A. L. (2017). Sovereign Women in a Muslim Kingdom – The Sultanahs of Aceh, 1641−1699. Cornell University. p. 28

Robert S. Wicks (1986): « Monetary Developments in Java between the Ninth and Sixteenth Centuries: A Numismatic Perspective ». Indonesia, No. 42, p44-59.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Banda-Aceh

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