Sumatra Aceh Sultanate

Sultan Buyung 1 Gold Kupang

Item number: A149

Year: AD 1585-1589

Material: Gold

Size: 12.0 x 12.0 mm

Weight: 0.61 g

Provenance: Spink 2023

This object is a gold coin minted and issued during the reign of Sultan Buyung, the ninth Sultan of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam in Sumatra, Indonesia, from AD 1585 to AD 1589. It carries the weight of 1 Kupang.

The obverse of this coin features three lines of Arabic inscription which read “علي ابن منور شاه”, translating to “Ali, the son of Munawwar Syah.” The outer circle of the side is adorned with decorative beads. On the reverse side, there are two lines of Arabic inscription reading “السلطان العادل”, meaning “The Just Sultan.” The outer rim of the side is similarly embellished with small beads.

Kupang:
The “Kupang” was an ancient unit of measurement for gold, approximately equivalent to 0.6 grams. The use of this weight unit can be traced back to the 11th centuries in port areas along the Southeast Asian coast, indicating its connection to international trade.
It was commonly employed during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial periods for transactions involving spices and other valuable commodities. With the Dutch colonial period and the influence of European trade on local currencies, this unit gradually became supplanted by Western currencies.

Sultan Buyung, also known as Ali Ri’ayat Syah II, was the ninth Sultan of the Sultanate of Aceh, located in the northern part of Sumatra Island. His reign lasted from AD 1585 to AD 1589 and was characterized by brevity and controversy due to the perceived lack of legitimacy stemming from his lineage as a descendant of the Aceh royal family. Sultan Buyung’s rule was marked by turmoil and disputes. Ultimately, his reign was ended by the assassination orchestrated by prominent officials of the kingdom, reflecting the instability and unrest prevalent within the Sultanate of Aceh during that period.

The Sultanate of Aceh was an Islamic powerhouse that ruled over the Aceh region of Sumatra, Indonesia, from the 15th to the 19th centuries. Its capital was Kutaraja (present-day Banda Aceh). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, the kingdom was one of the most influential sultanates in Southeast Asia. It was renowned for its strategic location along major trade routes and its influence in spreading Islam throughout the region.

The Sultanate of Aceh reached its zenith in the 16th and 17th centuries, becoming a significant maritime and commercial power that controlled the trade routes between the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca.

One of the most notable reputations of the Sultanate of Aceh was its steadfast resistance against European expansion. Aceh successfully repelled attempts by Portugal and the Netherlands to conquer the region, gaining renown for its formidable military prowess.

The decline of the Sultanate of Aceh began in the late 17th centuries, attributed to factors such as internal conflicts, external pressure from the Dutch East India Company, and competition with other regional powers. In AD 1873, the Netherlands initiated the Aceh War with the aim of conquering Aceh and establishing colonial rule in the region. The war lasted for several decades, culminating in Aceh’s conquest by the Dutch in AD 1903.

蘇門答臘 亞齊蘇丹國

蘇丹布永 1古邦金幣

物件編號: A149

年代: 公元 1585-1589 年

材質: 黃金

尺寸: 12.0 x 12.0 mm

重量: 0.61 g

來源: 斯賓克拍賣行 2023

此枚硬幣為印尼蘇門答臘的亞齊蘇丹國第九任蘇丹布永在位期間(公元1585-公元1589)所鑄造發行的金幣,重量為1古邦

金幣的正面刻有三行阿拉伯文銘文「علي ابن منور شاه 」,意為阿里,穆納瓦爾·沙阿之子(Ali, son of Munawar Shah),硬幣的周遭則有圓珠子環繞作為裝飾。背面為兩行阿拉伯銘文「السلطان العادل 」,為公正的蘇丹的意思,硬幣的外圈同樣有小圓珠裝飾。

古邦(Kupang):
古邦是古代的一種黃金計量單位,約等於0.6 g。這種重量單位的使用可以追溯到公元11世紀東南亞沿海的港口地區,表明它與國際貿易的聯繫,通常用於葡萄牙和荷蘭殖民時期涉及香料和其他貴重物品的交易。隨著荷蘭的殖民時期以及歐洲貿易對當地貨幣帶來的影響,這種單位最終逐漸被西方貨幣取代。

蘇丹布永(Sultan Buyung),也稱為阿里·裡亞亞特·沙亞二世(Ali Ri’ayat Syah II),是蘇門答臘島北部亞齊蘇丹國的第九任蘇丹,統治時間為公元1585至公元1589 年,在位期間短暫,且因其作為亞齊皇室血統的後裔缺乏合法性,蘇丹布永的統治年間充滿了混亂與爭議。最終他遭到王國的達官貴人殺害而結束了統治,也間接的反映了當時亞齊蘇丹國的動盪和不穩定。

亞齊蘇丹國是公元15世紀-公元19世紀統治印尼蘇門答臘亞齊地區的伊斯蘭強權,首都為哥打拉賈(Kutaraja,今班達亞齊)。該王國位於印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島北端,是東南亞最具影響力的蘇丹國之一,以其位於主要貿易路線上的戰略位置和在該地區傳播伊斯蘭教的影響而聞名。 

亞齊蘇丹國於公元16和公元17世紀達到巔峰,成為了重要的海上和商業強國,控制著印度洋和馬六甲海峽之間的貿易航線。 

亞齊蘇丹國最顯著的一個方面是其堅定抵抗歐洲的殖民擴張。亞齊成功地擊退葡萄牙和荷蘭試著征服該地區的企圖,並以強大的軍事力量聞名。

亞齊蘇丹國的衰落始於公元17世紀末,原因包括內部衝突、荷蘭東印度公司的外部壓力以及與其他地區強國的競爭。 公元1873年,荷蘭發動了亞齊戰爭,以征服亞齊並在該地區建立殖民統治,戰爭持續了數十年,最終在公元1903年亞齊被荷蘭征服。

類似/相同物件 請看:

文化部典藏網 Ministry of Culture

https://collections.culture.tw/Object.aspx?RNO=QU0wMDQ2MDc=&SYSUID=13

PCGS官網

https://www.pcgsasia.com/cert/43099030

更多相關訊息請參考:

Michael Mitchiner (1977): Oriental Coins and their Values: The World of Islam. London, Hawkins Publications.

Khan, Sher Banu A. L. (2017). Sovereign Women in a Muslim Kingdom – The Sultanahs of Aceh, 1641−1699. Cornell University. p. 28

Robert S. Wicks (1986): « Monetary Developments in Java between the Ninth and Sixteenth Centuries: A Numismatic Perspective ». Indonesia, No. 42, p44-59.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Banda-Aceh

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