Item number: M49

Year: AD 1855-1870

Material: Gold, Silver and Enamel

Size: 51.67 x 67.41 / L 18.61 x 18.61 / M 13.17 x 20.83 / R 30.5 x 17.79 mm

Weight: 5.76 g

Provenance: Künker Auction 2023

This set of miniature chain consists of three miniatures, from left to right, including Red Eagle Order, type IV, Order of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and The National Order of the Legion of Honour, 2nd Empire.

Red Eagle Order, Type IV

In AD 1705, George William, the hereditary Prince of Anspach and Baireuth, founded the “Ordre de la Sincerite:” consisting of a gold cross set in diamonds, with wide edges. The middle contained the initials, “C. E.” (afterwards “G. W.”) with a palm branch beneath a prince’s coronet, while in the four corners of the cross were seen golden rays, richly mounted with diamonds. The Chapel of the Order was always to belong to the Evangelical Church of the original Augsburg Confession.

On July 13, AD 1734, the Margrave, George Frederick Charles, reorganized this Order as ‘The Brandenburg Red Eagle.’ Membership was limited to thirty individuals demonstrating noble descent through eight generations from both parents. The nomination fee was set at twenty ducats. In AD 1759, the Margrave added a first class of the Grand Cross, and in AD 1777, membership increased to fifty, with a nomination fee of 500 fl., Rhenish. Candidates were required to bear the title of ‘Excellency’ before nomination.

In AD 1791, Frederick William II elevated the Red Eagle to the second rank among the Orders of his house. The decoration transformed into a golden white-enameled Maltese Cross with a royal crown and the Brandenburg Eagle in the corners, and the letters, ‘F. W. R’ in the middle. Worn from the left shoulder to the left hip, it featured a white ribbon with two orange-colored stripes. The silver star displayed the Brandenburg Eagle, Hohenzollern Arms, and the motto: ‘Sincere et Constanter (Sincerely and with Constancy).’ Knights of the Black Eagle were received into this Order, and to further limit membership, it was decreed that only those already decorated with the Red Eagle could join the Black Eagle. Entrance fees were set at thirty Frederics d’or.

This miniature is a Maltese cross made of gold and enameled in white. The obverse of the medallion depicts a crowned long-winged red eagle with Hohenzollern coat of arms on the chest, categorizing this miniature as type IV. The reverse features ornate letters ‘F’ and ‘W’ on a white background, with a golden Prussian royal crown suspend above.

Order of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus

The combined Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus thrived with the support provided by the House of Savoy and the Papacy. Initially, the Order held both religious and military aspects, with certain knights taking holy orders akin to monks, simultaneously expected to engage in combat to defend faith and sovereignty. Their mission extended to safeguarding the Papal States’ coastline from Barbary pirates. The Order’s prestige was so significant that numerous European sovereigns encouraged their distinguished nobility to seek admission.

Throughout its history, the Order transitioned from military endeavors to contributing positively to humanity by expanding its secular influence. Military activities gradually gave way to the establishment and operation of hospitals strategically located in Piedmont. In response to a leprosy outbreak in the 18th century, the Order founded a hospital in Aosta in AD 1773, as recounted in Xavier de Maistre’s tale, Le Lépreux de la cité d’Aoste. This humanitarian endeavor became its primary focus for several ensuing centuries. By the time the statutes were published in AD 1816, the Order had shed its military character. Subsequent reforms occurred under Charles Albert of Savoy in AD 1831, Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy in AD 1868, and Grand Master Prince Victor Emmanuel of Savoy in AD 1996 and AD 1999.

In AD 2001, the Grand Master appointed H.R.H. Prince Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, a descendant of the Order’s inaugural Grand Master, to serve as Grand Chancellor. Prince Emmanuel Philibert currently presides over A.I.C.O.D.S. (International Association of the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy) and collaborates with the Grand Master and Grand Chancellor in directing and governing the Orders. Admission to the Order is subject to the Grand Master’s approval, either initiated by him (motu proprio) or through his agreement to admit candidates proposed by Delegates and endorsed by the Council.

The Order boasts over 2000 members, including Knights and Dames of various ranks, organized into 35 Delegations worldwide. H.R.H. Prince Victor Emmanuel of Savoy serves as the 17th Grand Master, aided by a Grand Chancellor, an Executive Committee, a Council, and Delegates responsible for their respective Delegations globally, contributing to the Order’s administration.

Internationally, two annual ceremonies commemorate the Order. One pays tribute to deceased members of the Royal Family at the Royal Abbey of Hautecombe in the former Duchy of Savoy, now part of the French Republic. The other, celebrating the admission or promotion of new members, typically occurs in Geneva, the Abbey of St. Maurice d’Agaune in Switzerland, or Rome, Italy. Known as the Capitolo Generale (Chapter General) of the Savoy Orders, this occasion encompasses an installation ceremony and a gala ball, benefitting the charitable initiatives of the Savoy Orders.

The miniature comprises a white-enameled bottony cross of the Order of Saint Maurice, featuring a green-enameled Maltese Cross (the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus) positioned in saltire between the arms of the bottony cross. Additionally, a suspended crown is observable.

The National Order of the Legion of Honour, 2nd Empire

The Legion of Honour, instituted in AD 1802 during Napoleon Bonaparte’s first consulship, serves as a merit-based order designed to commend individuals—both military and civilian—for their outstanding service to the nation. Its inception aimed to reinforce the legitimacy of his rule, with conceptual roots traceable to Louis XIV’s establishment of the Order of Saint Louis and the Saint Louis Medal in AD 1693.

The Legion of Honour consists of five hierarchical ranks corresponding to military positions: Knight (chevalier), Officer (officier), Commander (commandeur), Grand Officer (grand officier), and Grand Cross (grand-croix).

This miniature belong to the period of the Second Empire. After the overthrow of the July Monarchy in AD 1848, the French Second Republic was proclaimed, and Louis-Napoleon, who seized power through a coup, became the president. In AD 1851, he declared himself emperor, initiating the Second Empire, which lasted for over 18 years. The design of the order during this period closely resembles that of the First Empire, with the main distinction lying in the arch shape of the crown. In the order, the crown is adorned with the imperial symbol of the eagle, whereas during the First Empire, a trefoil was used for embellishment.

The obverse of the miniature features the portrait of Napoleon I, encircled by the inscription “Napoleon Empereur des Francais” (Napoleon Emperor of the French). The reverse side features the iconic symbol of the Napoleonic era—the eagle—surrounded by the inscription “Honneur et Patrie” (Honour and Fatherland). Encircling the central emblem is a white-enamelled five-pointed star, incorporating design elements from the Maltese cross and the insignia of the old French orders of chivalry. The surrounding elements include green enamel laurel leaves and oak leaves, with the top of the order adorned with a crown symbolizing royal authority.

Upon receiving these honors, recipients frequently commission private jewelers to create miniatures for convenient carrying or display alongside other decorations. Subsequently, after the death of the decorated individual, governments typically requested the return of the original medals, making the miniatures cherished heirlooms for future generations. Workshops would provide different price quotes based on the size and material specifications.

物件編號: M49

年代: 公元 1855-1870 年

材質: 黃金, 白銀和琺瑯

尺寸: 51.67 x 67.41 / 左 18.61 x 18.61 / 中 13.17 x 20.83 / 右 30.5 x 17.79 mm

重量: 5.76 g

來源: 昆克拍賣 2023

此迷你版勳章鍊條包含三個迷你版勳章，由左至右分別為第四型紅鷹勳章、聖莫里茲和拉撒路騎士勳章，以及第二帝國榮譽軍團勳章。

第四型紅鷹勳章

公元1705年，安斯巴赫和拜羅伊特的世襲王子喬治·威廉（George William）創立了“誠實勳章”（Ordre de la Sincerite），該勳章由一枚嵌有鑽石的金十字組成，邊緣寬闊。中央刻有字母“C.E.”（後來為“G.W.”），冠以王子的冠冕，十字的四個角上則飾有豐富的鑽石。

公元1734年7月13日，馬克拉夫喬治·弗雷德里克·查爾斯（George Frederick Charles）將這個勳章重新組織為“勃蘭登堡紅鷹勳章”（The Brandenburg Red Eagle）。成員人數限制為三十人，必須通過八代雙親的貴族血統證明，提名費設定為二十杜卡特。1759年，馬克拉夫增加了第一級中的大十字，公元1777年，成員數量增加到五十人，提名費為500 Friedrich d’or 。提名前，候選人必須擁有“卓越”（Excellency）的頭銜。

公元1791年，弗雷德里克·威廉二世將紅鷹勳章提升為第二高的王室勳章。勳章變成了一枚金色的白色琺瑯馬爾他十字，頂部有皇冠，四個角上有勃蘭登堡鷹，中央刻有“F.W.R”字母。佩戴在左肩到左臀，配有一條白色緞帶，上有兩條橙色條紋。銀色星星展示了勃蘭登堡鷹，霍亨索倫家族的紋章以及座右銘：“Sincere et Constanter（真誠而堅定）”。黑鷹騎士被接納到這個勳章中，為了進一步限制成員資格，規定只有那些已經被紅鷹勳章授予的人才能加入黑鷹勳章。入會費用設定為三十Friedrich d’or 。

這個迷你版由一個白色琺瑯的十字架組成，中央有一個綠色琺瑯的馬耳他十字，放置在十字的臂之間。皇冠懸掛在十字之上。

聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路聯合騎士團勳章

聖莫里斯和聖拉撒路聯合騎士團得到了薩伏侯爵家族和教廷的支持而繁榮發展。最初，這個團體既有宗教又有軍事的層面，一些騎士像修士一樣接受神聖的命令，同時被期望參與戰鬥，保衛信仰和主權。他們的使命還包括保護教宗國家免受巴巴里海盜的侵害。這個團體的聲望如此之高，以至於許多歐洲君主都鼓勵他們傑出的貴族加入。

在其歷史中，該團體從軍事活動轉向積極為人類做出貢獻，擴大其世俗影響力。軍事活動逐漸被建立和運營位於皮埃蒙特戰略位置的醫院所取代。鑒於公元18世紀麻風病的爆發，該團於公元1773年在奧斯塔建立了一家醫院，這在《阿奎斯特城的麻風病人》這個薩伏侯爵的故事中有所提及。這一人道主義的事業成為接下來數個世紀的主要關注。到公元1816年的時候，該團已經放棄了其軍事特色。在不同領導者的帶領下，該團進行了進一步的改革：公元1831年，薩伏侯爵查爾斯·阿爾伯特；公元1868年，意大利皇王維克多·艾曼紐二世；大團長維克多·艾曼紐公元1996年及公元1999年。

公元2001年，大團長任命薩伏侯爵家族的後裔、該團的首任大團長的H.R.H.菲利貝托·埃曼紐爾王子擔任大法官。菲利貝托·埃曼紐爾王子目前是薩伏侯爵家族勛章團國際協會(A.I.C.O.D.S.)的主席，協助大團長和大法官指導和管理勛章。加入該團需要大團長的批准，可以是他自行啟動的（motu proprio），也可以是他同意由代表團提出並由理事會推薦的候選人。

該團擁有2000多名成員，包括來自世界各地的騎士和女爵，分佈在35個代表團中。薩伏侯爵家族的維克多·艾曼紐爵士是第17任大團長，並在大法官、執行委員會、理事會以及全球負責各自代表團的代表的協助下，參與該團的管理。

國際上，每年舉行兩次紀念該團的儀式。其中一個是在前薩伏侯爵國，現在是法蘭西共和國的奧特孔修道院，向皇室家族的已故成員致敬。另一個儀式是在日內瓦、瑞士的聖莫里斯大修道院或意大利的羅馬舉行，以慶祝新成員的加入或晉升。這個活動被稱為Capitolo Generale，通常包括就職儀式和晚會，以支持慈善事業。

這個迷你版勳章包括一個由聖莫里斯騎士團白色琢磨交叉的勛章，上面放置著一個綠色琢磨交叉（聖拉撒路騎士團的十字）置於琢磨交叉的臂之間。此外，可見懸掛的王冠。

第二帝國時期榮譽軍團勳章

此枚為法國的官方版指揮官級榮譽軍團勳章。榮譽軍團是拿破崙擔任第一執政時於公元1802年創設的勳位，頒予對國家有功績的軍人和平民，旨在希望能夠強化自身的統治合法性，其概念構想發源於路易十四在公元1693年建立的聖路易騎士團和聖路易勳章。 

榮譽軍團成員分為五種勳位級別，對應到五個軍階，分別是騎士級 (chevalier)、軍官級(officer)、指揮官級commander、大軍官級(grand officer)、和大十字級(grand cross) 。

此枚迷你版勳章屬於第二帝國時期。公元1848年，七月王朝被推翻後，法蘭西第二共和國宣告成立，通過政變取得政權的路易·拿破崙成為總統，他在公元1851年稱帝，開始了長達18年多的第二帝國時期。 此時期勳章的設計和第一帝國時期十分相似，不同之處在於皇冠的拱形上，此勳章使用帝國象徵的雄鷹裝飾，而第一帝國時期則使用三葉草點綴。

此迷你版勳章的正面為拿破崙一世的肖像，外圈銘文為「法蘭西拿破崙帝國」(Napoleon Empereur des Francais)，背面則是拿破崙王朝的經典象徵—雄鷹，背面的外圈銘文刻有「榮譽與祖國」(Honneur et Patrie)。圍繞勳章中心的是白色分岔的五角星，此種概念吸收了馬爾他十字和法國舊騎士團的勳章設計，周圍環繞的是綠色琺瑯製造的月桂葉和橡樹葉，勳章頂部則是作為王室威權象徵的皇冠。

受勳者在獲得勳章後，通常會委託民間珠寶工匠製作復刻品，以方便攜帶或與其他勳章一同展示。再來當受勳者逝世後，政府通常會要求遺族上繳勳章，復刻品便成為供後人留念的傳家寶。工坊則會依據尺寸和材質提供不同報價。