Item number: M35

Year: AD 1914-1946

Material: Gold and Enamel

The results after XRF testing

Size: order 73.67 x 52.63 / ribbon 49.61 x 145.30 mm

Weight: 20.5 g

Provenance: Liverpool Medals 2022

Initially conferred upon soldiers stationed in the Libyan colony, it was originally devised to honor indigenous individuals in the colonies who had notably contributed to the glory of both the colonies and Italy. This recognition came with a significant criterion: Italian recipients of the Order were limited to half the maximum number of members. Furthermore, those recognized under this category were required to demonstrate merit within Italian colonies, either as residents, diplomats, or governmental and military officials within colonial territories.

Following the territorial loss of the colonies and the abdication of the final Italian monarch, Umberto II, in AD 1946, the order ceased to be bestowed. Subsequently, in AD 1947, Enrico De Nicola, the interim head of state, established the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity. This order underwent a renaming process in AD 2011, becoming the Order of the Star of Italy.

The order shown is a white-enameled, five-pointed gold star adorned with gold balls on each tip, symbolizing the Italian star, commonly referred to as the Stella d’Italia. Its obverse exhibits the intertwined and crowned initials, VE (representing Vittorio Emanuele), embellished within a red enamel medallion. Encircling this centrepiece is a green enameled, gold-rimmed circlet, with the year AD 1911 inscribed below, signifying the occupation of the later colony of Libya. On the reverse side, a three-line inscription, “AL MERITO COLONIALE” (For Colonial Merit), is fully red-enamelled and encased in a golden border. Adorning the star is a suspended golden crown.

The neck ribbon, red and bordered by accents of white and green, signifies the rank of Commander.

This insignia bears the marking “B,” denoting Dominico Cravanzola, the successor of Fratelli Borani. Initially established in 1850 with their store situated on Via Dora Grossa in Turin, Fratelli Borani exclusively served the King of Sardinia, crafting insignia for all his orders. By AD 1866, they expanded to Florence, ceasing operations in AD 1871 upon their relocation to Rome and the opening of a shop at Via Del Corso 338.

During that same year, Dominico Cravanzola, a Borani employee, assumed proprietorship, overseeing the business until 1916. Apart from the previous Sardinian orders, the Borani name was also featured on early insignia of the Order of the Crown of Italy.

Renowned as Italy’s primary jeweler during this epoch, the firm produced insignia for the Royal Italian orders, the San Marino Order, and various orders for other nations.

物件編號: M35

年代: 公元 1914-1946 年

材質: 黃金, 琺瑯

XRF分析結果

尺寸: 勳章 73.67 x 52.63／綬帶 49.61 x 145.30 mm

重量: 20.5 g

來源: 利物浦獎章 2022

義大利之星殖民勳章（Ordine coloniale della Stella d’Italia），由國王維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊三世於公元1914年6月18日設立，作為殖民地騎士勳章。最初旨在表揚在殖民地為義大利和殖民地的榮耀做出卓越貢獻的土著人士。主要頒發給駐紮在利比亞的士兵，因此，制定了限制性規定，義大利獲獎者不得超過最大成員的一半。只有在義大利殖民地有顯著貢獻的人，包括居民、外交官或在殖民地領土擔任政府和軍事官員的人才有資格獲得此殊榮。

公元1943年盟軍攻佔義大利北非殖民地後，該勳章便逐漸淡出使用。義大利殖民地的消失和最後一位義大利國王翁貝托二世於公元1946年退位，標誌著這個勳章的停止頒發。隨後，在公元1947年，臨時國家元首恩里科·德尼科拉創立了義大利國星勳章，後來於公元2011年更名為義大利之星勳章。

此勳章是一顆五角星，由白色琺瑯點綴、金色星尖，代表了著名的義大利之星，俗稱「Stella d’Italia」。正面展示了交織並戴著皇冠的捐贈者維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊（VE）的縮寫，嵌於紅色琺瑯的圓牌內。此圓牌被綠色琺瑯、金邊的環圈環繞著，底下刻有1911年的年份，為佔領利比亞的年份。在背面，刻有三行字體「AL MERITO COLONIALE」（意為殖民地功績），完全以紅色琺瑯填充，並以金色邊框環繞。星星上懸掛著一個金色皇冠。

領授綬帶的底色為紅色，邊緣有白色和綠色。此外，領授代表此勳章為指揮官級。

勳章上刻有“B”字樣，代表布拉尼兄弟（Fratelli Borani）的繼任者多米尼科·克拉萬佐拉（Dominico Cravanzola）。布拉尼兄弟最初於1850年成立，他們專門為撒丁國王（King of Sardinia ）製作勳章。1866年，他們在佛羅倫斯開設了一家工作室，但在1871年遷至羅馬後，該工作室即關閉。

同年，布拉尼的員工多米尼科·克拉萬佐拉接管了業務，並一直以其名義經營直至公元1916年。除了之前的撒丁王國勳章外，布拉尼的名字還出現在早期的義大利皇冠勳章上。

該公司在此期間是義大利的主要珠寶商，製作了所有義大利皇家勳章、聖馬利諾勳章以及其他一些國家的勳章。